Tianshu Liu

ADDRESS:

Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
G-220 Parkview Campus
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5343
Phone: (269) 276-3426, Fax: (269) 276-3421
E-mail: tianshu.liu@wmich.edu

RESEARCH INTERESTS:

Aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, Measurement Techniques and Instrumentation Applied to Aerospace Engineering and Sciences

CURRENT POSITION:

9/2004-Now Associate Professor, Director of Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory

Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering

G-220 Parkview Campus

Western Michigan University

Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5343

Specific Research Areas:

Experimental and applied aerodynamics, theoretical aerodynamics models, advanced image-based aerodynamic measurement techniques for various quantities (surface pressure, temperature/heat transfer, skin friction, velocity fields, and integrated forces), videogrammetric techniques and vision for aerospace applications, flapping flight, flight vehicle design, transition and turbulence, flow controls, flight tests

WORK EXPERIENCE:

9/99-9/2004 Research Scientist

Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics and Acoustics Competency (AAAC)

NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA 23681, USA

Performed Studies:

(1) Flapping Wing and Unsteady Wake Topology; (2) Design Methodologies for Flapping MAVs; (3) Nano-Optic Sensor for Skin Friction; (4) Separation and Wake Control of Airfoils Using Responsive Skin; (5) Mechanism and Prevention of Frost Formation on Model Surface in National Transonic Facility (NTF); (6) Videogrammetric Measurements of Shape and Dynamics of Solar Sails and Large Space Structures; (7) Columbia Debris Transport; (8) Intelligent Expert System for Aerodynamic Design.

Principal Investigator, Flapping flight and agile MAVs, FY 2002, NASA MSB Branch Fund

Principal Investigator, Building universal foundations for image-based measurements of motion fields and morphology of deformable matters, FY 2001, NASA Creativity & Innovation Program (C&I)

Principal Investigator, Computer vision as a universal framework for image-based measurements in aerospace engineering and sciences, FY 2001, NASA Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) Program

Principal Investigator, Optical measurements of static and dynamics aerodynamic loads, FY 2001, NASA Integrated Instrumentation and Technologies System (IITS) Program

Principal Investigator, Optical measurements of static and dynamics aerodynamic loads, FY 2000, NASA Integrated Instrumentation and Technologies System (IITS) Program

Principal Investigator, Artificial intelligent vision, FY2000, NASA Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) Program

2/97-9/99 Research Scientist, High Technology Corporation, Hampton, VA 23666, USA

Principal Investigator, Advanced photogrammetric systems for measurements of position and dynamic aeroelastic deformation of wind-tunnel models (1998 NASA SBIR Phase I)

Principal Investigator, Further improvements of a single camera photogrammetric system and data-processing software for model deformation measurements (1999 NASA contract)

Principal Investigator, Lifetime-based pressure-sensitive paint imaging system and its integration with model deformation measurement system (1999 NASA SBIR Phase I)

Key Investigator, Involved the NASA ADTE program for unification of modern aerodynamic measurement techniques in a single wind-tunnel test

1/96-2/97 Postdoctoral Research Assistant, Purdue University, Indiana, USA

Luminescent oil-film skin friction meter.

Pressure and temperature measurements on rotating blades in turbine engine using luminescent paints.

Boundary-layer transition detection methods on aerodynamic models in cryogenic wind tunnels using temperature-sensitive luminescent paints.

Development of cryogenic pressure- and temperature-sensitive paint system.

2/96 Visiting Scientist, Japanese National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL), Tokyo, Japan

Boundary-layer transition detection on airfoils in the NAL cryogenic wind tunnel using luminescent paints.

8/91-12/95 Research Assistant, Purdue University, Indiana, USA

Development of a system of temperature- and pressure-sensitive luminescent paints for aerodynamic testing.

Study of flow and heat transfer structures in an acoustically-excited circular impinging jet.

Study of heat transfer distributions on a waverider model in hypersonic flows using temperature-sensitive paints.

Study of shock/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions using temperature-sensitive paints.

Study of temperature and heat transfer distributions on a hot-film sensor in a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer.

Random vortex-tube model for small-scale turbulence and the asymptotic probability density distribution of the dissipation rate.

Exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation ¾ Non-orthogonal stagnation flow on the surface of a quiescent fluid.

Design of the test section of the Purdue/Boeing subsonic wind tunnel.

11/88-8/90 Researcher, University of Houston, Houston, USA

Non-linear fundamental-subharmonic wave interaction in an axisymmetric jet.

Instantaneous vorticity measurements using a nine-hotwire probe.

12/85-11/88 Lecturer, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

Boundary-layer transition control.

Study of horseshoe vortices generated by heat pulses in a boundary layer.

Control of the leading-edge vortices of a delta wing by introducing controllable perturbations.

5/85-12/85 Visiting Scientist, DLR Institute of Fluid Mechanics at Göttingen, Germany

Study of three-dimensional instability of a flat-plate laminar boundary layer by means of heat-pulsing arrays.

EDUCATION:

PhD (1996), Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, USA

MS (1985), BS (1982), Aerodynamics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES:

Reviewer for AIAA Journal, AIAA Journal of Aircraft, AIAA Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Experiments in Fluids, Measurement Sciences and Technology, Physics of Fluids, Review of Scientific Instruments, The Journal of The American Acoustics Socity, NASA SBIR Phase I and II, NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts Phase II

INVITED PRESENTATIONS:

“A Unified View of Image-Based Measurements in Aerospace Applications”, Keynote Speech at the International Workshop on Molecular Imaging for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Nov. 8-9, 2004

“Comparative Scaling of Flapping- and Fixed-Wing Flyers”, 2003 Bioflight Workshop, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, Virginia, August 7, 2003

“Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Paints”, AIAA Short Course, St. Louis, Missouri, June, 2002

“Image-Based Techniques for Wind Tunnel Testing”, George Washington University, Washington DC, April 8, 2002

“Pressure Sensitive Paints ¾ Theories and Practices”, Keynote Speech at the Workshop on Molecular Sensors for Aero-Thermodynamic Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, March 13, 2001

“Luminescent Molecule Sensors in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer”, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, October 16, 1997

“TSP and PSP Developments at Purdue”, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, Virginia, December 21, 1996

“Temperature- and Pressure-Sensitive Paints in Aerodynamics”, Japanese National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL), Tokyo, February 20, 1996

PUBLICATIONS:

Book and Book Chapter:

T. Liu and J. P. Sullivan, Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Paints (Experimental Fluid Mechanics), Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2004)

T. Jones, A. A. Dorrington, J. R. Blandino, C. Fraser and T. Liu, Photogrammetric Measurement Methods (Chapter 5), Gossamer Structures, AIAA Press, Washington DC (2005) (in press)

Refereed Archival Publication:

T. Liu, “Comparative scaling of flapping- and fixed-wing flyers”, AIAA Journal (in review), (2005)

T. Liu, “Time-area-averaged momentum stream tube theory for flapping flight”, AIAA Journal (in review) (2005)

T. Liu, K. Kuykendoll, R. Rhew and S. Jones, “Avian wing geometry and kinematics”, AIAA Journal (in review) (2005)

T. Liu, A. W. Burner and R. Pappa, “Photogrammetric techniques for aerospace applications”, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, (2005) (in preparation)

T. Liu, “Optimum bifurcating-tube tree for gas transport”, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 127, No. 3, pp. 550-553 (2005)

T. Liu, “Geometric and kinematic aspects of image-based measurements of deformable bodies”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 1910-1920, (2004)

T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “In-situ calibration uncertainty of pressure-sensitive paint”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 2300-2302, (2003)

T. Liu, “Pressure-correction method for low-speed pressure-sensitive paint measurements”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 906-911, (2003)

T. Liu, D. Barrows, A. Burner and R. Rhew, “Determining aerodynamic loads based on optical deformation measurements”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 1105-1112, (2002)

T. Liu, T. Togerson, J. Sullivan, R. Johnston, and S. Fleeter, “Transonic rotor blade pressure measurement using fluorescent paint”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 491-493, (2002)

A. Burner, T. Liu, S. Garg, T. Ghee and N. Taylor, “Aeroelastic deformation measurements of flap, gap and overhang on a semispan model”, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 1147-1154, (2001)

T. Liu, N. Teduka, M. Kameda and K. Asai, “Diffusion timescale of porous pressure-sensitive paint”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 12, pp. 2400-2402, (2001)

A. Burner and T. Liu, “Videogrammetric model deformation measurement technique”, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 745-754, (2001)

T. Liu and T. Finley, “Estimating bias error distribution”, Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 72, No. 9, pp. 3561-3571, (2001)

T. Liu, M. Guille and J. Sullivan, “Accuracy of pressure sensitive paint”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 103-112, (2001)

T. Liu, L. Cattafesta, R. Radezsky and A. W. Burner, “Photogrammetry applied to wind tunnel testing”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 964-971, (2000)

A.W. Burner, T. Liu, S. Garg, J.H. Bell, and D.G. Morgan, “Unified model deformation and flow transition measurements”, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 898-901, (1999)

L. Cattafesta, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Uncertainty estimates for temperature sensitive paint measurements with CCD cameras”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp. 2102-2108 (1998)

T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Luminescent oil-film skin friction meter”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 1460-1465 (1998)

T. Liu, B. Campbell, S. Burns and J. Sullivan, “Temperature- and pressure-sensitive paints in aerodynamics”, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 227-246 (1997)

K. Asai, H. Kanda, T. Kunimasu, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Detection of boundary layer transition in a cryogenic wind tunnel by using luminescent paint”, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 34-42 (1997)

T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Heat transfer and flow structures in an excited circular impinging jet”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, No. 17, pp. 3695-3706 (1996)

T. Liu, B. Campbell and J. Sullivan, “Heat transfer measurement on a waverider at Mach 10 using fluorescent paint”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 605-611 (1995)

T. Liu, B. Campbell and J. Sullivan, “Fluorescent paint for measurement of heat transfer in shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 10, pp. 101-112, (1995)

T. Liu, B. Campbell and J. Sullivan, “Surface temperature of a hot film on a wall in shear flow”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 37, No. 17, pp. 2809-2814 (1994)

T. Liu, “A note on the probability distribution of the dissipation rate in locally isotropic turbulence”, Physics of Fluids A 5(9), pp. 2234-2238 (1993)

T. Liu, “Non-orthogonal stagnation flow on the surface of a quiescent fluid ¾ An exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation”, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, Vol. L, No. 1, pp. 39-47, March (1992)

T. Liu, S. Shi and M. D. Zhou, “Horseshoe vortices generated by heat pulses in boundary layer”, Journal of Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 290-296 (1989)

C. Dai, T. Liu, Y. Teng and M. Xiao, “Measuring techniques for wall shearing stress in turbulent boundary-layer”, ACTA AERONAUTICA ET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 203-210 (1988)

M. D. Zhou and T. Liu, “Stability investigation in nominally two-dimensional laminar boundary layer by means of heat pulsing”, Perspectives in Turbulence Studies, Ed. H. U. Meier and P. Bradshaw, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1987)

Conference Papers:

T. Liu, “Videogrammetric determination of aircraft position and attitude for vision-based autonomous landing”, 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, January (2006) (submitted)

T. Liu, “A unified view of image-based measurements in aerospace applications”, Proceedings of MOSAIC, the International Workshop on Molecular Imaging for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (2004)

T. Liu, K. Kuykendoll, R. Rhwe and S. Jones, “Avian wings”, AIAA Paper 2004-2186, Portland, Oregon (2004)

T. Liu, “Geometric, kinematic and radiometric aspects of image-based measurements”, AIAA Paper 2002-3239, St. Louis, MO, June, (2002)

A. W. Burner, T. Liu, and R. DeLoach, “Uncertainty of videogrammetric techniques used for aerodynamic testing”, AIAA Paper 2002-2794, St. Louis, MO, June, (2002)

P. A. Parker and T. Liu, “Uncertainty analysis of the single-vector force balance calibration system”, AIAA Paper 2002-2792, St. Louis, June, (2002)

T. Liu and T. Finley, “Estimating bias error distribution”, AIAA Paper 2001-0162, Reno, Jan., (2001)

T. Liu, D. Barrows, A. Burner and R. Rhew, “Determining aerodynamic loads based on optical deformation measurements”, AIAA Paper 2001-0560, Reno, Jan., (2001)

T. Amer, T. Liu and D. Oglesby, “Characterization of pressure sensitive paint intrusiveness effects on aerodynamic data”, AIAA Paper 2001-0556, Reno, Jan., (2001)

A. W. Burner, T. Liu, S. Garg, T. A. Ghee and N. J. Taylor, “Aeroelastic deformation measurements of flap, gap and overhang on a semispan model”, AIAA Paper 2000-2386, Denver, June, (2000)

T. Liu, S. Garg, N. Lachendro, M. Guille, and J. Sullivan, “Lifetime methods for pressure sensitive paints”, Proceeding of the 7th PSP Workshop, Purdue University, Oct. 11-13, 1999.

T. Liu, R. Radeztsky, S. Garg and L. Cattafesta, “A videogrammetric model deformation system and its integration with pressure paint”, AIAA Paper 99-0568, Reno, January, (1999)

T. Liu, R. Radeztsky, S. Garg and L. Cattafesta, “A photogrammetric model deformation system and its integration with pressure paint”, 1998 Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) Workshop, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, October, (1998)

T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Applications of Temperature and Pressure Sensitive Paints”, AGARD Conference Proceedings CP-601: Advanced Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, presented at the 81st Meeting and Symposium of the Fluid Dynamics Panel, Seattle, WA, 22-25 September, (1997)

S. Torgerson, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Rotor blade pressure measurement in a rotating machinery using pressure and temperature sensitive paints”, AGARD Conference Proceedings CP-598: Advanced Non-Intrusive Instrumentation for Propulsion Engines, presented at the Propulsion and Energetics Panel (PEP) 90th Symposium, Brussels, Belgium, 20-24 October, (1997)

A.W. Burner, R. Radeztsky and T. Liu, “Videometric Applications in Wind Tunnels”, SPIE’s International Symposium on Optics, Imaging and Instrumentation, San Diego, California, USA (1997)

T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Luminescent oil-film skin friction meter”, AIAA Paper 97-2216 (1997)

T. Liu, R. Johnston, S. Torgerson, S. Fleeter and J. Sullivan, “Rotor blade pressure measurement in a high speed axial compressor using pressure and temperature sensitive paints”, AIAA Paper 97-0162 (1997)

Torgerson, S. D., Liu, T. and Sullivan, J. P., “Use of pressure sensitive paints in low speed flows”, AIAA Paper 96-2184, (1996)

K. Asai, H. Kanda, T. Kunimasu, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Detection of boundary layer transition in a cryogenic wind tunnel by using luminescent paint”, AIAA Paper 96-2185, (1996)

T. Liu, B. Campbell and J. Sullivan, “Accuracy of temperature sensitive fluorescent paint for heat transfer measurement”, AIAA paper 95-2042, (1995)

T. Liu, B. Campbell and J. Sullivan, “Remote surface temperature and heat transfer mapping for a waverider model at Mach 10 using fluorescent paint”, AIAA Paper 94-2484 (1994)

B. Campbell, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Temperature sensitive fluorescent paint systems”, AIAA Paper 94-2483 (1994)

M. Hamner, B. Campbell, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “A scanning laser system for temperature and pressure sensitive paint”, AIAA Paper 94-0728 (1994)

T. Liu, B. Campbell and J. Sullivan, “Thermal paints for shock/boundary layer interaction in inlet flow”, AIAA Paper 92-3626 (1992)

B. Campbell, T. Liu and J. Sullivan, “Temperature measurement using fluorescent molecules”, Sixth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal (1992)

Technical Reports:

T. Liu, “Geometric, kinematic and radiometric aspects of image-based measurements”, The Finial Report for NASA C&I Program, (2001)

T. Liu, “Computer vision as a universal framework for image-based measurements in aerospace engineering and sciences”, The Finial Report for NASA ISE Program, (2000)

T. Liu and H. U. Meier, “Artificial boundary-layer transition generated by heat pulses”, DFVLR IB222-86 A21 (1986)

T. Liu and H. U. Meier, “Measurements of drag coefficients for screens and lattices”, DFVLR IB222-85 A33 (1985)